Overview

Thissecondedition is updated for 2020 to reflect the substantial changes and new designs in the technical and operational aspects of LNG shipping and the transportation of LNG by sea, since this book was first published in 2006.It is prepared as a practical handbook for the operation of LNG carriers.

This book is written for LNG Officers who require a better understanding of the processes involved in operating a modern LNG carrier. The book is laid out with clear diagrams, checklists, guidance and instructions for each of the operations undertaken at each stage of a typical trading cycle for an LNG carrier including: Post dry-dock, Drying of cargo tanks, inerting of cargo tanks, gassing-up the cargo tanks, initial cooldown of cargo tanks, cargo loading, laden voyage, cargo discharge, ballast voyage, ship to ship transfer and preparations for dry-dock including warming-up of cargo tanks, inerting of cargo tanks and aeration of cargo tanks.

Content

Preface

Acknowledgements

Section 1: General Information

1 Physical Properties, Composition and Characteristics of LNG

1.1 Overview

1.2 Flammability of LNG

1.3 Saturated Vapour Pressure (SVP)

1.4 Vapour Density

1.5 Safety Precautions in LNG Handling

2Normal Trading Cycle of an LNGC

3 Cargo Containment Systems

3.1 Overview

3.2 Moss Rosenberg (Moss)

3.2.1 Leak detection

3.3 Mark III (GTT)

3.3.1 Membrane or primary barrier

3.3.2 Insulation and secondary barrier

3.3.3
Interbarrier and insulation space (IBS/IS) N2pressurisation and control system

3.4 NO96 (GTT)

3.4.1
Primary insulation space (PIS) and secondary insulation space (SIS) N2pressurisation and
control system

4 Cargo Handling Equipment

4.1 Cargo Pump

4.2 Spray/Stripping Pump

4.3 High Duty Compressor

4.4 Low Duty Compressor

4.5 Gas Heater

4.6 Vaporiser

4.7 Reliquefaction Plant

4.8 Gas Combustion Unit (GCU)

5 Auxiliary Equipment

5.1 The Cargo Valves Remote Control System

5.2 Ship/Shore Link and ESD System

5.3 N2Generator

5.4 IG Plant

5.5 Custody Transfer and Measurement System (CTMS)

5.6 Cargo Tank Gauging System

5.6.1 Cargo tank float gauge

5.7 Gas Detection Equipment

5.8 Cofferdam Heating System

5.9 Vacuum Pumps

5.10 Tank Overflow Protection

Section 2: Post Dry-dock Operations

6 Operations Related to Auxiliary Systems

6.1 Moss Type LNG Carriers

6.1.1 Overview

6.1.2 Removing ambient humid air from the hold spaces

6.1.3 Drying and inerting of tank insulation and annular space

6.2 Membrane Type LNG Carriers (Mark III and NO96)

6.2.1 Overview

6.2.2
Removing ambient humid air from the insulation spaces of Mark III cargo containment system

6.2.3
Removing ambient humid air from the insulation spaces of NO96 cargo containment system

7 Cargo Tank Operations

7.1 Drying of Cargo Tanks

7.1.1 Overview

7.1.2 Preparation for drying

7.1.3 Operational description cargo tanks drying

7.1.4 Further considerations

7.2 Inerting of Cargo Tanks

7.2.1 Overview

7.2.2 Preparation for inerting

7.2.3 Operational description inerting cargo tanks prior to gassing-up

7.2.4 Further considerations

7.3 Gassing-up the Cargo Tanks

7.3.1 Overview

7.3.2 Preparation for gassing-up

7.3.3
Operational description gassing-up the cargo tanks with LNG vapour and IG vented to
atmosphere

7.3.4 Operational description gassing-up the cargo tanks with LNG vapour and IG returned to shore

7.3.5 Further considerations

7.4 Initial Cooldown of Cargo Tanks

7.4.1 Moss type LNGC

7.4.2 Membrane type LNGC

7.4.3 Operational description cargo tanks cooldown

7.4.4 Further considerations

Section 3: In-service Operations

8 Loading Operations

8.1 Overview

8.2 Preparation for Loading

8.3 Pre-loading Operations

8.4 Cooldown for Loading

8.5 Ramp-up to Bulk Rate

8.6 Bulk Rate Loading

8.7 Ramp-down

8.8 Post-loading Operations

8.9 Departure from Load Port

9 Laden Voyage

9.1 Overview

9.2
Laden Voyage of LNG Carriers with Gas Burning Propulsion System

9.2.1 Steam plant

9.2.2 Engines and generators

9.2.3 Consideration for all gas burning systems

9.3
Laden Voyage of LNG Carriers with ReliqueficationPlant

9.4 Further Considerations on Laden Voyage

10 Discharge Operations

10.1 Overview

10.2 Preparation for Discharge

10.3 Pre-discharge Operations

10.3.1 Operational description MLAs and liquid header cooldown prior to discharging

10.4 Ramp-up to Bulk Rate

10.4.1 4-step ramp-up

10.4.2 8-step ramp-up

10.5 Operational description bulk rate discharge

10.6 Ramp-down

10.6.1 Ramp-down heel retained

10.6.2 Operational description ramp-down heel out (cargo tank stripping)

10.7 Post-discharge Operations

10.8 Departure from Discharge Port

10.9 Further Considerations During Discharge

11 Ballast Voyage

11.1 Overview

11.2 Heel Management

11.2.1
Heel management of LNGCs with a gas burning propulsionsystem

11.2.2
Heel management of LNGCs with a reliquefaction plant

11.3 Further Considerations on Ballast Voyage

12 Ship to Ship Transfer Operations

12.1 Pre-arrival Stage

12.2 Approach and Mooring Stage

12.3 Cargo Transfer Stage

12.4 Post-transfer Procedure

Section 4: Pre Dry-dock Preparations

13 Cargo Tank Operations

13.1 Warming up Cargo Tanks

13.1.1 Overview

13.1.2 Preparation for warming up

13.1.3 Operational description cargo tanks warming up

13.1.4 Further considerations

13.2 Inerting of Cargo Tanks

13.2.1 Overview

13.2.2 Preparation for inerting

13.2.3 Operational description cargo tank inerting after warming up

13.2.4 Further considerations

13.3 Aeration of Cargo Tanks

13.3.1 Overview

13.3.2 Preparation for aeration

13.3.3 Operational description cargo tank aeration

13.3.4 Further considerations

Glossary

Glossary

Details

Title: LNG Operational Practice. 2nd Edition
Number of Pages: 140
Product Code: WS1677K
ISBN: ISBN 13: 978-1-85609-871-7 (9781856098717), ISBN 10: 1-85609-871-0 (1856098710)
Published Date: January 2020
Binding Format: Paperback
Book Height: 300 mm
Book Width: 210 mm
Book Spine: 5 mm
Weight: 2.20 kg